NiO+ACS+AMI+final+revised+manuscript+21+May+2013.pdf (878.81 kB)
Electrochromic and colorimetric properties of nickel(II) oxide thin films prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition
journal contribution
posted on 2014-07-30, 15:39 authored by Muhammad Z. Sialvi, Roger J. Mortimer, Geoffrey Wilcox, Mohd Mat-Teridi, Thomas S. Varley, Upul Wijayantha-Kahagala-Gamage, Caroline KirkAerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition
(AACVD) was used for the first time in the preparation of
thin-film electrochromic nickel(II) oxide (NiO). The asdeposited
films were cubic NiO, with an octahedral-like grain
structure, and an optical band gap that decreased from 3.61 to
3.48 eV on increase in film thickness (in the range 500−1000
nm). On oxidative voltammetric cycling in aqueous KOH (0.1
mol dm−3) electrolyte, the morphology gradually changed to
an open porous NiO structure. The electrochromic properties of the films were investigated as a function of film thickness,
following 50, 100, and 500 conditioning oxidative voltammetric cycles in aqueous KOH (0.1 mol dm−3). Light modulation of the
films increased with the number of conditioning cycles. The maximum coloration efficiency (CE) for the NiO (transmissive light
green, the “bleached” state) to NiOOH (deep brown, the colored state) electrochromic process was found to be 56.3 cm2 C−1 (at
450 nm) for films prepared by AACVD for 15 min followed by 100 “bleached”-to-colored conditioning oxidative voltammetric
cycles. Electrochromic response times were <10 s and generally longer for the coloration than the bleaching process. The films
showed good stability when tested for up to 10 000 color/bleach cycles. Using the CIE (Commission Internationale de
l’Eclairage) system of colorimetry the color stimuli of the electrochromic NiO films and the changes that take place on reversibly
oxidatively switching to the NiOOH form were calculated from in situ visible spectra recorded under electrochemical control.
Reversible changes in the hue and saturation occur on oxidation of the NiO (transmissive light green) form to the NiOOH (deep
brown) form, as shown by the track of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity coordinates. As the NiO film is oxidized, a sharp decrease in
luminance was observed. CIELAB L*a*b* coordinates were also used to quantify the electrochromic color states. A combination
of a low L* and positive a* and b* values quantified the perceived deep brown colored state.
Funding
[The authors] thank the Loughborough University Materials Research School for the provision of a research studentship to MZS. AMT acknowledges the funding received from the Government of Malaysia for his doctoral studies in the Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, U.K.
History
School
- Science
Department
- Chemistry
Published in
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACESVolume
5Issue
12Pages
5675 - 5682 (8)Citation
SIALVI, M.Z. ... et al., 2013. Electrochromic and colorimetric properties of nickel(II) oxide thin films prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 5 (12), pp. 5675-5682.Publisher
© American Chemical SocietyVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Publication date
2013Notes
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, copyright (c) ACS after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am401025v.ISSN
1944-8244eISSN
1944-8252Publisher version
Language
- en