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Measuring deformation performance of geogrid reinforced structures using a terrestrial laser scanner

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conference contribution
posted on 2015-05-20, 15:47 authored by Ian Scotland, Neil Dixon, Matthew FrostMatthew Frost, Rene Wackrow, Gary John Fowmes, G. Horgan
Geogrid Reinforced Structures (GRS) are inherently flexible and although the design for ul-timate limit state is relatively mature, GRS are often defined by their deformation performance, in the serviceability limit state (Koerner and Koerner, 2013). Currently, serviceability design protocol does not determine or prescribe deformation limits for the built wall or slope, but rather imposes limits on the theo-retical mobilised strain of geogrid reinforcement. Current understanding of the principle mechanisms for GRS deformation is weak and often the only way to assess the serviceability of structures is by the observational method. Typically this has been done with external surveying instruments such as total stations or internally using strain gauges, extensometers and inclinometers. Laser scanning has previously been used to measure the serviceability performance of conventional geotechnical structures and slopes and provided useful information (Mechelke et al., 2007) but has not yet been used on GRS. This paper assesses the potential of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to rapidly survey GRS. This assessment covers a range of structures including a 6.5 m high steel mesh faced retaining wall and a 3.6 m wrap faced structure. The measured behaviour obtained from this range of structures demonstrates the importance of facing stiffness on controlling deformations. Terrestrial laser scanning has potential because it is unobtrusive, only requiring lines of sight to the face and does not use targets located on the GRS. The system can be used to measure the position of the GRS face to within a noise range of ±5 mm (Kersten et al., 2008), across a large surface area from a single observation point in minutes. This paper assesses the application of using TLS to measure deformations during construction and in-service and proposes a standard scanning procedure. It also details experience gained surveying GRS constructed with a range of face systems and discusses accuracy and repeatability issues. It con-cludes with possible implications of using the TLS method for routine monitoring of GRS.

History

School

  • Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering

Published in

10th International Conference of Geosynthetics

Citation

SCOTLAND, I. ... et al, 2014. Measuring deformation performance of geogrid reinforced structures using a terrestrial laser scanner. 10th International Conference of Geosynthetics, Berlin, Germany, 21st-25th September 2014.

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Publisher statement

This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Publication date

2014

Notes

This is a conference paper.

Language

  • en

Location

Berlin, Germany

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