Thesis-2005-Mills.pdf (8.87 MB)
Computer simulation of gymnastics vault landings
thesis
posted on 2018-07-02, 10:35 authored by Chris MillsA computer simulation model of an International Gymnastics Federation
(F.I.G.) landing mat and a gymnast was developed to investigate the mechanics of
landing from the gymnastics vault. The landing mat model incorporated the multilayer
design of the landing mat and its deformation characteristics were based upon
experimental data. The gymnast model was based upon an elite level gymnast and
contained subject-specific parameters. The gymnast was modelled as a seven-segment
link system with 'lumped' muscles producing joint rotation at the hip, knee
and ankle. Wobbling masses were included within the trunk, thigh and shank
segments to represent soft tissue movement. A two segment bone within the shank
and thigh provided estimates of bone bending moments and bone deformations.
Joint torques were based upon the torque / angle / angular velocity relationship
established during isokinetic dynamometry testing of the subject. The muscle forces
were calculated from the joint torques and from moment arm data taken from the
literature and scaled to the subject.
The gymnast–mat model was evaluated using the kinetic, kinematic and
EMG data collected from actual vaults performed by the subject. Evaluation results
showed good agreement between the simulations and the actual performances with
difference scores between 10.1 % and 23.6 %. The landing strategy and landing mat
were optimised to minimise the ground reaction forces and bone bending moments.
Optimised landing strategy results suggest that modifications to the gymnast's
landing strategy could reduce the peak ground reaction forces but this may not
decrease the peak internal joint forces. Optimised landing mat parameter results
suggest that a landing mat with 20 % more damping could reduce the peak ground
reaction forces and internal joint forces but this may increase the initial impact force
between the foot and the mat's surface.
Funding
Loughborough University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences. British Gymnastics.
History
School
- Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences
Publisher
© Chris MillsPublisher statement
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Publication date
2005Notes
A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy at Loughborough University.Language
- en