posted on 2010-11-26, 09:51authored byAngela E. Edwards
The principal aim of this thesis is to establish the extent of the impact of the
introduction of CCT on the changing role of the local authority leisure professional.
CCT was introduced into the management of local authority leisure facilities in phased
stages between January lst 1992 and January 1st 1993, following the publication of the
Parliamentary Order (Competition in Sports and Leisure Facilities, November 1989).
As a policy it was one of a series of measures implemented by the Government in the
1980s and early 1990s to reduce the power of local authorities and reform the processes,
systems and structures of these institutions.
Change initiated at this structural level, stimulated change at the operational and
individual levels of the policy process and it is at this individual or `agency' level that
this thesis is most concerned. The empirical work undertaken to identify the impact of
CCT at the agency level was based on 26 in-depth qualitative surveys administered on
local authority leisure professionals who had worked in leisure services between the
mid 1980s and 1998. At the individual level, the research considered in detail the role of the leisure
professional as s/he was both a participant and spectator in the implementation of
CCT. Individual officers' responses to the implementation were mediated by factors
such as training, background, previous work experiences and the contextual local
authority situation within which they found themselves. The findings demonstrate that the dominant values in the institutional environments
within which leisure professionals operated, changed significantly with CCT as `goal
governance' and `competitive individualism' came to the fore. Within this often
aggressive and competitive environment, the implementation of CCT resulted in
staffing restructuring and realignment of responsibilities and there was severe pressure
to achieve the policy requirements. Relationships between colleagues became strained and some elements of leisure provision suffered as a result. Terms and conditions of
employment deteriorated and many staff became de-motivated and disillusioned.
However, in some instances CCT was seen as beneficial as it gave officers
opportunities for career enhancement, it led to the development of generic leisure
managers and heightened the profile of the leisure professional.
Thus, CCT had a huge impact on local authority leisure professionals, as it imposed
significant constraints and inhibitions on officers in their working relationships and
environment. However, it also enabled some officers to advance within the leisure
management industry and benefit from improved employment opportunities and
heightened status. CCT as a policy both constrained and enabled leisure professionals.
It was at the individual level that these constraining and enabling effects were most
felt although previous research has given scant recognition to the human resource
implication of CCT implementation through statistical analyses of outcomes. This
research, however, recognises that one should use statistics `for support rather than
illumination" (Lang as quoted in Cohen, 1960) and in so doing underlines the
importance of the `bottom up' approach to policy analysis where the emphasis is on
the role of the individual in the policy process.