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Selective sodium sensing with gold-coated silicon nanowire field-effect transistors in a differential setup
journal contribution
posted on 2017-06-16, 10:09 authored by Mathias Wipf, Ralph L. Stoop, Alexey Tarasov, Kristine Bedner, Wangyang Fu, Iain Wright, Colin J. Martin, Edwin C. Constable, Michel Calame, Christian SchonenbergerIon-sensitive field-effect transistors based on silicon nanowires with high dielectric constant gate oxide layers (e.g., Al2O3 or HfO2) display hydroxyl groups which are known to be sensitive to pH variations but also to other ions present in the electrolyte at high concentration. This intrinsically nonselective sensitivity of the oxide surface greatly complicates the selective sensing of ionic species other than protons. Here, we modify individual nanowires with thin gold films as a novel approach to surface functionalization for the detection of specific analytes. We demonstrate sodium ion (Na+) sensing by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiol-modified crown ethers in a differential measurement setup. A selective Na+ response of ≈-44 mV per decade in a NaCl solution is achieved and tested in the presence of protons (H+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) ions, by measuring the difference between a nanowire with a gold surface functionalized by the SAM (active) and a nanowire with a bare gold surface (control). We find that the functional SAM does not affect the unspecific response of gold to pH and background ionic species. This represents a clear advantage of gold compared to oxide surfaces and makes it an ideal candidate for differential measurements. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
Funding
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), the Swiss Nano-Tera program, Sensirion AG, and the European Commission under the FP7-NMP project Hysens (263091)
History
School
- Science
Department
- Chemistry
Published in
ACS NanoVolume
7Issue
7Pages
5978 - 5983Citation
WIPF, M. ...et al., 2013. Selective sodium sensing with gold-coated silicon nanowire field-effect transistors in a differential setup. ACS Nano, 7 (7), pp. 5978-5983.Publisher
© American Chemical SocietyVersion
- VoR (Version of Record)
Publisher statement
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Publication date
2013Notes
This paper is in closed access.ISSN
1936-0851eISSN
1936-086XPublisher version
Language
- en