Excreta disposal in emergencies: the use of bag systems in challenging urban contexts

While anecdotes of approaches to sanitation in complex urban humanitarian response exist, there is a need for research and development to mainstream emerging technologies to meet the challenges. In response to the wide-spread devastation and mass internal displacement caused by the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Oxfam GB trialled standard bag and Peepoo excreta disposal systems in two IDP settlements. Trial results demonstrated that both bag types are viable excreta disposal options. Based on these positive results, bag excreta disposal methodologies were further studied in additional IDP settlements in Port-au-Prince to create key programmatic recommendations including a six-step methodology for contingency planning for disaster-prone areas. Further research is still needed into the cost effectiveness and phase-out points for bag excreta disposal systems.