Capacity development in water operator partnerships: more than just the right methods

This paper explores the question of effectiveness of knowledge transfer processes in Water Operator Partnerships (WOP). Increasing funds are allocated to the promotion and implementation of WOP projects, conceived as a strong approach to strengthening the capacity of water operators in developing countries. They are considered particularly useful for the transfer of tacit knowledge, crucial to support locally owned change. Despite the great promotional efforts there is very little known on how they function. This work aims at shedding light on the knowledge transfer activities in WOPs by analysing two WOP projects through the lenses of tested knowledge management theories. The findings show how in both cases there is an alignment between methods used and type of knowledge to be transferred, as well as a predominance of methods allowing for the transfer of tacit knowledge. However, despite both projects applying the same methods, the degree of knowledge integration into the local operator's working routines greatly differs, which calls for attention to other relevant factors beyond KT methods if effective KT is to be realised.