Alternatives in ecological sanitation: a comparison of systems in Uganda

Ecological Sanitation (Eco-San) systems are designed to recover nutrients and organic matter from human urine and faeces. Eco-San systems, especially Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs), have been promoted in Uganda since 1997. However, uptake remains low, and pit latrines continue to be the most common sanitation technology in the country. This paper provides a general comparison of pit latrines, UDDTs, and an alternative Eco-San option known as the sawdust bucket system. The comparison accounts for several factors related to installation, operation, user comfort, and technical issues. The two Eco-San systems were found to provide benefits beyond those of pit latrines, and the bucket system was the most favourable of the three. However, each Eco-San system has distinct advantages in different contexts, and it is recommended that multiple Eco-San options be promoted. Given freedom of choice, consumers can select the option most appropriate for their specific contexts and needs.