A biomimetic approach to the pyoverdin chromophore

Pyoverdins are siderophores which chelate with ferric ions forming a ligand complex. Pyoverdins are excreted from bacteria such as Pseudomonas, for example, Pseudomonas fluorescens, when grown in iron-deficient conditions, to scavenge for iron. Although, different species of Pseudomonas produce different pyoverdins with various constituents in their amino acid chains, they all share a common chromophore structure within the various natural siderophores. The possible biosynthesis of the pyoverdins chromophore is discussed. Herein a biomimetic synthesis of a model of the chromophore unit based on an oxidative cyclisation pathway was carried [out]. [Continues.]