Dixon et al Hydraulic Conductivity Final REVISED 31 7 18.pdf (1.62 MB)
In situ measurements of near-surface hydraulic conductivity in engineered clay slopes
journal contribution
posted on 2018-08-01, 15:56 authored by Neil Dixon, Chris Crosby, Ross A. Stirling, Paul N. Hughes, J.A. Smethurst, Kevin Briggs, David Hughes, David Gunn, P. Hobbs, F. Loveridge, Stephanie Glendinning, Tom DijkstraTom Dijkstra, A. HudsonIn situ measurements of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine grained soils have been made at six exemplar UK transport earthwork sites: three embankment and three cutting slopes. This paper reports 143 individual measurements and considers the factors that influence the spatial and temporal variability obtained. The test methods employed produce near-saturated conditions and flow under constant head. Full saturation is probably not achieved due to preferential and by-pass flow occurring in these desiccated soils. For an embankment, hydraulic conductivity was found to vary by five orders of magnitude in the slope near-surface (0 to 0.3 metres depth), decreasing by four orders of magnitude between 0.3 and 1.2 metres depth. This extremely high variability is in part due to seasonal temporal changes controlled by soil moisture content, which can account for up to 1.5 orders of magnitude of this variability. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity at a cutting also indicated a four orders of magnitude range of hydraulic conductivity for the near-surface, with strong depth dependency of a two orders of magnitude decrease from 0.2 to 0.6 metres depth. The main factor controlling the large range is found to be spatial variability in the soil macro structure generated by wetting/drying cycle driven desiccation and roots. The measurements of hydraulic conductivity reported in this paper were undertaken to inform and provide a benchmark for the hydraulic parameters used in numerical models of groundwater flow. This is an influential parameter in simulations incorporating the combined weather/vegetation/infiltration/soil interaction mechanisms that are required to assess the performance and deterioration of earthwork slopes in a changing climate.
Funding
This paper is an output from iSMART, a collaborative research project funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant number EP/K027050/1).
History
School
- Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering
Published in
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and HydrogeologyVolume
52Issue
1Pages
123-135Citation
DIXON, N. ... et al, 2018. In situ measurements of near-surface hydraulic conductivity in engineered clay slopes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 52 (1), pp.123-135.Publisher
© The authors. Published by the Geological SocietyVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Publisher statement
This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-059Acceptance date
2018-08-01Publication date
2018-10-16Copyright date
2018ISSN
1470-9236eISSN
2041-4803Publisher version
Language
- en