D.M.Haspel et al - THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POST-ELECTROPLATING SURFACE MODIFICATION TREATMENTS ON TIN WHISKER GROWTH.pdf (1.57 MB)
The effect of different post-electroplating surface modification treatments on tin whisker growth
journal contribution
posted on 2019-03-05, 11:28 authored by D. Haspel, Mark Ashworth, Geoffrey Wilcox, Xujin BaoXujin Bao, Roger J. MortimerThere are very few studies that have investigated directly the effect of an oxide film on tin whisker growth, since the ‘cracked oxide theory’ was proposed by Tu in 1994. The current study has investigated the effect of both a molybdate conversion coating and a tungstate conversion coating on tin whisker growth from Sn-Cu electrodeposits on Cu, and compared it with that from an electrochemically-formed oxide produced from a potassium bicarbonate-potassium carbonate electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the effect of both immersion time and applied potential on the thickness and composition of the oxide film. The XPS studies show that the oxide film formed using either of the conversion coating baths is significantly thicker than that produced from the potassium bicarbonate-potassium carbonate bath. Initial observations suggest that both the tungstate-based conversion coatings and the molybdate-based conversion coatings significantly reduce whisker growth by over 80 % for all conversion coating systems compared with a native air-formed oxide and provide improved mitigation compared with the electrochemically formed oxides previously investigated.
Funding
The authors would like to thank both the UK EPSRC Innovative Electronics Manufacturing Research Centre for funding this research through the WHISKERMIT programme and the Loughborough University Materials Research School.
History
School
- Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering
Department
- Materials
Published in
Transactions of the IMFVolume
97Issue
3Pages
129 - 139Citation
HASPEL, D. ... et al, 2019. The effect of different post-electroplating surface modification treatments on tin whisker growth. Transactions of the IMF, 97 (3), pp.129-139.Publisher
Taylor and Francis © Institute of Materials FinishingVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Publisher statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Transactions of the IMF on 12 May 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00202967.2019.1587263.Acceptance date
2019-02-12Publication date
2019-05-12ISSN
0020-2967eISSN
1745-9192Publisher version
Language
- en