247844.pdf (18.48 MB)
Career counselling for young adults with learning disabilities: falling through the cracks
thesis
posted on 2010-10-21, 13:18 authored by Jonathan H. KaslerThe subject of this thesis, career choice for young adults with (specific) learning
disabilities, deals with two main issues. The first concerns the decision-making
difficulties of young adults with learning disabilities as compared with their nondisabled
peers. The second and major part of this thesis, deals with the development
and validation of a self-report screening method for identifying those are likely to be
at risk of being learning disabled. The primary purpose of this device is to provide
career counsellors and other professionals, who generally receive only superficial
training in the area of specific learning disabilities, with a tool for identifying
individuals likely to have learning disabilities. It is important to emphasise from the
outset that screening is not diagnosis. Even a very good screening tool can at best
identify those at high risk for LDS. Also screening may identify problem areas but no
information is available regarding aetiology or source of the problems. Finally
screening is necessary because a large section of the population has been identified as
potentially containing large numbers of LDS (Singleton et al. 1998).
However, before beginning the research, a thorough review of the issues of definition
that plague the field is undertaken. While the issues raised cannot be resolved in this
thesis, they form a necessary background to the research done. In principle, learning
disabilities are understood to be characterised by poor automisation of learning skills
due to neurological malfunction, contrasted by at least average intelligence. Therefore
the goal of screening is to identify the presence of these difficulties, while explanation
of their causes remains the proper area of expertise of diagnosticians who bear the
onus of showing evidence of neurological malfunction. The present research, then, is three-phased. First, the Career Decision Difficulties
(CDD) questionnaire (Gati et al. 1996) is applied to establish empirical support for
the hypothesis that young adults with specific learning disabilities have greater
difficulties making career decisions than their non-disabled peers do and to identify
problem areas of particular difficulty for these young adults.
The second phase of the research is based on the assumption that the majority of
adults with specific learning disabilities have not been diagnosed and are unaware of
the reasons for study problems that they encounter. Against this background, a
parsimonious and easily administered screening device is needed. The second part of
the thesis focuses on the development and validation of a self-report model - the
Strengths and Weaknesses Academic Profile (SWAP) - and a questionnaire based on
it, and their use as a counselling tool. The questionnaire based on the SWAP model
was administered to a sample of about 500 young adults in Israel studying in preacademic
schemes, of which 117 were previously diagnosed as learning disabled. The
data was then analysed for validation. Finally, the results were normed on a larger
sample of just over 900.
The third phase was undertaken in order to address outstanding issues of validation
resulting from the inherent methodological weakness of the Israeli research, a further
sample was tested in Sheffield, UK. Unlike the Israeli sample, the non-diagnosed
were tested to reveal any hidden dyslexics and they were subsequently removed from
the control group. I present here an epidemiological sample validating a research tool
in a real life scenario. In order to check the construct validity of this tool, a stricter
research definition of LD was adopted, and the same process was undertaken using a
well-defined sample known to be dyslexic and non-dyslexic. In conclusion, the results of this empirical demonstration show that the SWAP model predicts to a satisfactory
degree those individuals who are at high risk of dyslexia. This thesis combines the
strengths of an experimental qualitative approach with those of a quantitative
empirical approach.
In the main sample, the Israeli sample, scores were normed and converted into
percentiles. Preliminary data regarding the predictive success of the use of SWAP for
referral for diagnosis is presented. In addition, several case studies are included as
examples of the use of SWAP as a counselling tool.
History
School
- Social Sciences
Department
- Communication, Media, Social and Policy Studies
Publisher
© Jonathan H. KaslerPublication date
2001Notes
A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.EThOS Persistent ID
uk.bl.ethos.247844Language
- en