Thesis-1996-Lim.pdf (14.94 MB)
The analysis of productivity in building construction
thesis
posted on 2010-11-15, 10:54 authored by Ewe Chye LimProductivity has for many years been an issue for the construction industry in
Singapore. The industry is deeply concerned that construction productivity is not only
below that of the manufacturing sector, but is also below the national average. The
industry has identified several factors that have impeded construction productivity,
namely, a shortage of suitably trained, skilled supervisors and workers; a weakening
local construction workforce; and a large, mostly unskilled and transient pool of
foreign workers.
The main objective of the research programme was to assist contractors improve their
site productivity performance. A three-pronged approach was adopted, comprising a
review of current construction productivity issues affecting the Singapore construction
industry; a survey of top civil engineering and building contractors to understand their
perceptions on productivity; and a study of measurement techniques of site
productivity for on-going building projects.
The first phase of the research programme comprised a comprehensive study of
construction productivity issues in the Singapore context, followed by an extensive
questionnaire survey. The objective of the survey was to identify the perceptions of
senior management of large civil engineering and building contractors with regard to:
factors that would improve construction productivity; and problems encountered at
construction sites. This phase of the research resulted in several recommendations to
be made to industry in order to improve construction productivity. These
recommendations included the recruitment and training of a new generation of skilled
local workers; continuous upgrading of management and technical skills of supervisory
staff; the study of long-term viability of construction automation processes; promotion
of buildable designs; and extensive use of prefabrication to replace labour intensive
operations.
The second phase of the research comprised a study of productivity measurement
techniques for various on-going building projects in Singapore. Two areas were
investigated, namely: measurement of overall site productivity of projects on a monthly
basis; and measurement of labour productivity of formwork, reinforcement and
concreting operations. A prescribed productivity equation was used for measuring
overall productivity, and data included monthly site manpower and monthly progress payments certified by the project consultants. Three categorises of building projects
were investigated, namely commercial buildings, public residential buildings and
private residential buildings.
The findings of the research revealed that public housing projects, being simpler to
construct, had higher productivity levels as compared to the other two categories of
buildings. Research showed that for individual projects, the monthly productivity
figures depended on the value of work done for the month. The productivity figures
for commercial and private residential projects, were directly proportional to the
architectural manpower used. An increase in architectural manpower would mean
more activity in the high cost value architectural works which would increase the
productivity figures by pushing up the monthly progress payments. It was also
observed that productivity figures were generally lower at the start of the projects, due
to the learning curve effect and the fact that manpower needed was mainly for
structural works, which had a lower cost value than the architectural works.
In the productivity studies of formwork, reinforcement and concreting operations, the
research aimed to measure the manpower needed for each of the above trades in order
to complete individual typical floors of selected buildings. This would enable a
comparison of productivity figures on a floor to floor basis for each of the above three
structural trades. The second phase of the research confirmed that it is possible for
contractors to monitor site productivity of current building projects, study the
variations in monthly productivity values and compare productivity performance of
various projects within the same building category as well as for different categories.
History
School
- Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering
Publisher
© E.C. LimPublication date
1996Notes
A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.EThOS Persistent ID
uk.bl.ethos.308455Language
- en